Bach Essay -- essays research papers

A Great Contributor Of Music      Throughout the historical backdrop of music, numerous extraordinary arrangers, scholars, and instrumentalists have left permanent stamps and impacts that individuals today think back on to appreciate and hope for. No special case to this figure of speech is Johann Sebastian Bach, whose sway on music was remarkable most definitely. Individuals today think back to his compositions and attempts to both learn and respect. He really can be viewed as a music history incredible. Bach, who originated from a group of more than 53 artists, was completely a virtuosic instrumentalist just as an awesome author. Conceived in Eisenach, Germany, on March 21, 1685, he was the child of a wonderful musician, Johann Ambrosius Bach, who showed his child the fundamental abilities for string playing. Alongside this string playing, Bach started to play the organ which is the instrument he would later on be noted for ever. His guidance on the organ originated from the player at Eisenach's most significant church. He educated the little fellow rather thoroughly until his aptitudes outperformed anyone’s desires for somebody of such a youthful age. Bach endured early injury when his folks passed on in 1695. He went to go live with his more seasoned sibling, Johann Christoph, who likewise was an expert organist at Ohrdruf. He proceeded with his more youthful sibling's training on that instrument, just as acquainting him with the harpsichord. The thorough preparing on these instruments joined with Bach’s awesome aptitude paid off for him at an early age. Following quite a long while of concentrating with his more seasoned sibling, he got a grant to concentrate in Luneberg, Germany, which is situated on the northern tip of the nation. Thus, he left his brother’s tutelage and went to proceed to concentrate there. The high school years carried Bach to a few pieces of Germany where he for the most part filled in as an organist in places of worship, since that was the aptitude he had idealized the best from his young preparing. In any case, an ace of a few instruments while still in his teenagers, Johann Sebastian first discovered work at 18 years old as a musician in a court ensemble in Weimar. In spite of the fact that he didn't stay there awfully long, he had the option to take in substantial income playing for the lord. He not long after acknowledged a situation as a congregation organist in Arnstadt. It was here that Bach would before long understand his elevated requirements and respects that he had for music. In Arnsta... ...ations for Harpsichord,† his huge measure of toccatas, particularly his â€Å"Toccata In F Major,† his assortment of minor departure from organ prefaces caught in the â€Å"Well Tempered Clavier,† his monstrous measure of fugues and chorales remembering his â€Å"Fugue for G minor,† major just as his colossal measure of chorales, and his Christmas and Easter oratorios, which was another break in his music kind. Truth be told, the rundown continues endlessly and on. Definitely, Johann Sebastian Bach never accepted that his prosperity would turn out to be so brave and momentous. In any case, we today see him to be one of the key people to shape the music we tune in to. Its a well known fact that his works, particularly chorale compositions, are utilized to represent the standards of our practical arrangement of amicability. It is in this model alone that it very well may be seen that Bach’s works have not just made due to where they are as yet heard and tuned in to, yet they likewise still give us information and comprehension from which we can learn and find music. It is thus that the life of Johann Sebastian Bach was really an incredible one and it is with no dread that he can be viewed as a melodic extraordinary.

Cyber Warfare free essay sample

Digital war, the utilization of PCs and the web in leading fighting in the internet, has been presented as both a powerful offense and safeguard towards current fighting. By and by numerous nations have built up an approach towards digital fighting. The US, albeit a solid impact to the world, still can't seem to step up and make a powerful approach towards fighting. One that should state what the military would do to react to a digital assault, what characterizes a digital assault and what the legislature will do to take powerful measures against a calamitous assault. Alongside that, what points of interest does this new kind of fighting have against present day arfare and is it worth the enormous measures of preparing and ventures. Likewise, in what conditions should a digital assault be utilized? The US should approach with a proficient arrangement examining the issue straightforwardly and including its future employments of digital insight. By and by, digital assaults are phenomenal; anyway they despite everything represent a hazard later on for war and security of a country. We will compose a custom article test on Digital Warfare or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Each nation should take quantifies in guaranteeing they will be prepared for an assault. On account of this exceptional peril, the US should make extensive endeavors in sorting out strategies to make sure about itself and its ation against it. Three digital security specialists state, US arrangements toward guarding against digital fighting need to adopt an unexpected strategy in comparison to the administration has against different types of assault. It would be hard for the US to have a battle in digital fighting as it is hard to recognize assailants, particularly when a few countries give off an impression of being supporting private aggressors. In the event that the US were to follow different countries with utilizing private aggressors, different countries might consider this to be untrustworthy and even noxious. As a country, the US is introduced as the nation some gaze upward to. Its picture as to remain clean, or it could create scene with different countries. One issue that the US as well as different nations face is that there is no exacting meaning of a digital assault. Martin Libicki, a senior administration researcher having some expertise in digital security stated, One issue with a digital fighting strategy is the absence of meaning of what establishes a demonstration of digital war, theres no line isolating what comprises a straightforward digital assault from digital war. He likewise included, without any definitions set up, its difficult to have an open discussion about what the US governments digital fighting arrangement should e. The US, among different countries in the I-IN, should meet up and talk about the issues confronted with characterizing a digital assault and what might be an adequate reaction towards an assault. Article 51 of the UN sanction expresses that a nation ha s the option to participate in self-protection when it endures an equipped assault, made successful in 1945, it didn't make clear arrangements to digital assaults. Not taking care of the predicament has its results. In December 2008, there was a digital assault on a U. S. military arranged PC organize. The assault drove the Pentagon to boycott the utilization of xternal equipment gadgets since that was the wellspring of the break. In spite of the fact that it isn't openly known whether this assault was state supported, media reports credited the assault to either the administration of China or Russia. Notwithstanding who executed the assault, there was little that the U. S. could do to react. Had the US had the information to explore the assault further, it could have followed the assault and discover the culprit. to activate the global network, as it is conceivable that an outrageous digital assault could be more crushing than a conventional one. An assault like that could shutdown the objectives government and ruin its economy. Because of the association of the world economy, the falling influence would be felt around the world. Fighting must be seen in another manner in light of the fact that the old definitions and structure are impermissibly restricted. To begin with, we should infer a definition to decide when a digital assault is a demonstration of war. Second, we need a wide meaning of whom (counting people, countries and gatherings) can be considered responsible for such acts. With masses in question, it is unreasonable to ignore this issue and not put resources into an igher insight. Current fighting, unequivocally connected with firearms, bombs and tanks, causes numerous passings and a lot of cash set forth to succeed. Digital fighting can without much of a stretch become the following present day fighting, causing less passings and viciousness. Despite the fact that the impacts of an assault could be more disastrous than what we are as of now encountering today, the converse impacts even it out. Utilizing this digital insight could keep numerous assaults from occurring, both conventional and digital. All we need is a more grounded commitment towards the subject and more concentration towards a more noteworthy harmony among the world.

How to Write a Paper

How to Write a PaperWriting a paper is a good way to express your ideas for the class. It will be a great learning experience. There are a number of different ways that you can do this. Below is a guide to help you in writing a paper.When it comes to writing a paper, the first thing that you should think about is what you are going to write about. Choose a topic that is interesting and meaningful to you. Then, come up with your topic outline.Now, with the outline in hand, you will need to write your paper. However, not all writing is the same. Each writer has a different method of doing things. You need to learn how to make your own unique style. After you have started to write your paper, you will need to review and revise the outline several times before the final draft.Once you have your paper ready, then it is time to add writing skills to it. This will help you write a great paper. You will need to include a couple of paragraphs and then type up the rest of the paper.When you be gin to write a paper, you will want to create a working paper first. This will help you know what you are looking at when you look at your writing as you go along. It will also help you see what you are writing about and what you need to add to it to make it more readable.You will want to try to write a good length paper when you write your paper. You should write it at least twice the length of your last article. Your article should be written in a conversational tone.In addition, when you write a paper, you will want to stay organized and you will also want to avoid writing a monologue. You can do this by keeping a copy of your paper that you can refer to whenever you get stuck on a certain point. You should always try to write a paper in a place where you can get a head start when it comes to writing a paper.Your main goal with a paper is to help you understand your subject. When you have done this, you will be able to move on to other parts of your education. A good method for t his is to write down any questions that you may have or any areas that you need to learn more about. Then, when you get stuck, you will be able to come back to the essay and work through the problem and figure out how to move forward.

Comparing Brave New World and 1984 - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 712 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/05/13 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Brave New World Essay Did you like this example? The Wonderful New World, a work written in 1931, that is, before G. Orwells novel, 1984, written in 1948, describes the future in another key, even opposite 1984 (as Huxley even says) which future is not black by definition but by essence. If 1984 speaks of eastern dictatorship, Huxley speaks of the dictatorship of happiness and comity, a desideratum of Western democratic regimes. The system assures its existence by physical repression, but by the mutilation of the spirit and the conditioning of consciousness. If at Orwell the instinct is forbidden, the instinct of Huxley is not only accepted but pushed to paroxysm. A world beyond history, because history has stopped. In this sense, we will allow a deviation and mention the American philosopher and policeman Francis Fukuyama who in his book, The End of History and the Last Man, states that the universalisation of Western liberal democracy signals the end of human societys evolution and the finalization of the first liberal democracy) as the final form of government. That is, the end of history is the end of the ideological evolution, and in the post-historical period, there is no more art and philosophy, nor is there anything, a period of eternal peace. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Comparing Brave New World and 1984" essay for you Create order Why we have allowed ourselves to deviate is because what Fukuyama has in a positive tone is precisely the real negativity of Huxleys wonderful new world society. A world of an eternal peace where half a gram of soma (the drug of the future) eliminates any disorder, hatred, pain, love and other experiences that define the human being, all must be avoided, liquidated in the name of happiness. A world where consumption is the greatest value and perhaps a value other than happiness, although happiness could be abolished if it were not so profitable and would not make the wheels spinning all the time. In fact, Fukuyama says that Many of Huxleys technologies such as in vitro fertilization, surplus maternity, psychotropic drugs, genetic engineering in child-raising are already in or are in the horizon. Not only do these facts bring Fukuyamas prognosis to Huxleys novel, but also the absence of art or philosophy in the post-historical era; moreover, science in its present form no longer exist s in the world described by English English than in Truth, The truth is a threat and science a public danger, when art is incapable of happiness and thus a serious threat to the stability system. In the Wonderful New World, Evil is not obvious because no one is injured, each gets what he wants, yet the system is ready to exterminate anyone who does not want to be happy, so happiness becomes an obligation, a universal right and the universal obligation . In all this juggling, the only character who is able to look at the outside system is John the Wild, born of a civilized woman (to her shame or not practicing the birth of the children, but decanting them), but increased in the Reserve between Indians. A wild eclectic that does not belong to either the old world or the new world, the prototype of modern modern man who is part of a transition civilization, connected to Tradition in a superficial form, but not at the end of history. This Wild Learned to read from an old book of some Sheakspeare, who is confronted with the greatest gift of the old world, the opportunity to express the deep and ontological feelings of the soul, which they lost in the new world, because feelings no longer have any value. This Sheakspeare, unknown to anyone and Indians among whom she grew up, is the only link to a year with the ancestral past. Although the Wildlife wakes up a lively interest in civil society, it is regarded not as a remnant of something unknown and lost long ago, but as an alien absolutely alien to the modern world that brings about the consequences that follow. The self-isolation test of the Wild is just an attempt to escape the new reality in which it exists, but its non-conformism is punished. It is not an almighty force, not a public morality, but an unwillingness to conform to the world around us, incompatibility with the condition of happy slave (O. Hurduzeu). The savage is that last man (Fukuyama) in a dehuma nized world.

Can Hydrofluoric Acid Disintegrate Bone

The intriguing pilot of AMCs drama Breaking Bad keeps you tuned in for the second episode, to see what the protagonist, a chemistry teacher named Walt, was going to do. Is it going out on a limb to suspect that most chemistry teachers dont keep big jugs of hydrofluoric acid in their labs? Walt apparently keeps plenty on hand, and use some to aid in disposing of a body. He told his partner-in-crime, Jesse, to use a plastic bin for dissolving the body, but didnt tell him why. When Jesse puts the dead Emilio in a bathtub and adds the acid, he proceeds to dissolve the body, as well as the tub, the floor supporting the tub, and the floor below that. Hydrofluoric acid is corrosive stuff. Hydrofluoric acid attacks the silicon oxide in most types of glass. It also dissolves many metals (not nickel or its alloys, gold, platinum, or silver), and most plastics. Fluorocarbons such as Teflon (TFE and FEP), chlorosulfonated polyethylene, natural rubber, and neoprene all are resistant to hydrofluoric acid. This acid is so corrosive because its fluorine ion is highly reactive. Even so, it is not a strong acid because it does not completely dissociate in water. Dissolving a Body  in Lye Its surprising Walt settled on hydrofluoric acid for his body disposal plan, when the notorious method for dissolving flesh is using a base rather than an acid. A mixture of sodium hydroxide (lye) with water can be used to liquefy dead animals such as farm animals or roadkill (this can obviously also include homicide victims). If the lye mixture is heated to boiling, tissue can be dissolved in a matter of hours. The carcass is reduced to a brownish sludge, leaving only brittle bones. Lye is used to remove clogs in drains, so it could have been poured into a bathtub and rinsed away, plus it is much more readily available than hydrofluoric acid. Another option would have been the potassium form of lye, potassium hydroxide. The fumes from reacting large quantities of either hydrofluoric acid or a hydroxide would have been overwhelming to our buddies from Breaking Bad. People who dissolve bodies in their homes this way would likely become dead bodies themselves. Why the Strongest Acid Wouldnt Work You may be thinking the best way to rid yourself of a corpse is to use the strongest acid you can find. This is because we generally equate strong with corrosive.  However, the measure of an acids strength is its ability to donate protons. The very strongest acids in the world do this without being corrosive. The carborane superacids are over a million times stronger than concentrated sulfuric acid, yet they dont attack human or animal tissue.

Social Class in to Kill a Mockingbird - 768 Words

There are many different social classes in â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird.† The factors that separate people into these social classes are their skin color and their occupation. For example, Atticus, Scout, and Jem are part of the highest social class. They are part of this social class because Atticus is a lawyer, which makes him a highly respected person in the community. He is also white, which, at that time was a very important factor that chose who belonged in what social class. Scout and Jem are his children and therefore are also part of this social class. Another person in this same social class is Miss Maudie Atkinson. She grew up with the Finch’s and is an old friend of theirs. She is now Atticus’s neighbor and is loved by his†¦show more content†¦The next social class is the poor, yet respectable white people. The Cunningham’s are in this class because even though they are poor, they manage to live their life by borrowing money and paying back the money borrowed with items from the farm instead of money. Under them are the Ewell’s, who are poor and disgusting. They are completely rude and so are their children, but they are still in a higher social class than black people since they are white. The next social class is wealthy or middle-class black people. Calpurnia is a part of this class and only is for the reason that she is black. She has all the qualities of a good southern lady, and has perfect manners. She is respected and in good relations with the Finch family. Calpurnia would be in the same social class as Atticus Finch if she weren’t black. Another person who is in this class is Reverend Sykes. He met Jem and Scout in church and showed how much he respected them and their father for defending the Tom Robinson case. He welcomed them and was very friendly, therefore in the same class as Calpurnia. The last social class is the poor and black people. Lula is in this social class. She is disgraceful to the black people and her motto is that the black people should stick to own community and the white should stay with there’s. She was harsh and shallow to someone who is of her kind (Calpurnia) and she was harsh to two innocent kids just because they are white. There is a very interesting relationshipShow MoreRelatedTo Kill A Mockingbird Social Class Analysis1082 Words   |  5 PagesCan you recollect a person that you resent all the time? Is this person rude, not sociable, emotionally abusive, or just plain racist? In To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee, the novel digs deep into the roots of Social Classes. One of these classes, in particular, is â€Å"White Trash.† â€Å"White Trash† is a class that has the poverty-stricken White people that don’t contribute much to society and sometimes even degrade the society. There is one character that everyone loathes in Maycomb, and he is Mr.Read MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Social Class Analysis1809 Words   |  8 PagesRight? Debatably. In the book To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout and Jem experience classism and implicit bias. From this, they learn to empathize. These impeccable brains of ours cause competitiveness. Collectively we dont want to be the best, but singularly we do. We split ourselves up into social ranks, also known as having a socioeconomic class. Depending on where you are in the social class, assimilating a favor toward a class is the norm. In To Kill a Mockingbird, Jem Finch realizes that there isRead MoreSocial Class and Family Groups in To Kill a Mockingbird Essay1195 Words   |  5 PagesHow far do you think Harper Lee has effectively shown social class and family groups to be important at that time? The rigid class structure and social stratification of Maycomb County had a profound effect on the events in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. The impact of this class structure was especially evident in the trial of Tom Robins on, a Maycomb Negro. The extreme prejudice of the town eventually led to the unjust conviction of Robinson for a crime he did not commitRead MoreSocial Difference in Too Kill a Mockingbird1277 Words   |  6 PagesSocial differences have changed incredibly in the last decades. The world has known an evolution that no one could have predicted. Aspects such as racism, social class and individual perception have differed drastically and now represent a modern open-minded world. The multiculturism boost our country and our world has known has brought a new wave of cultural, racial and social differences. The world has changed for the better and communities as well as individuals are now more open to differencesRead MoreHarper Lee Was Born In 1926 In Monroe, Alabama, A Village1071 Words   |  5 Pagespolitics, travelling and spending time with herself. To Kill a Mockingbird is the finest piece of work written by Harper Lee. This book is a a very fine novel with the liveliest sense of life and the most authentic humour. There is humour as well as tragedy in this book, besides its faint note of hope for human nature, and it is delightfully written. A lawyer s advice to his children as he defends the real mockingbird of Harper Lee s class novel. A black man charged wit rape of a white girl. ThroughRead MoreRacism, Sexism, And Classism1188 Words   |  5 PagesNow: Changes of Racism, Sexism, and Classism In To Kill A Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, Jem and Scout, the protagonists in the book, experience and learn about the problems of racism, sexism, and classism when their father, Atticus, agrees to defend Tom Robinson, an African American, in a trial. Set in the 1930s, most people were treated unfairly because of their race, gender, or social class. Even though problems about race, gender, and class decreased over time, these problems are still very prevalentRead MoreTheme Of To Kill A Mockingbird1699 Words   |  7 Pages The Pureness of Mockingbirds In 1960, Harper Lee published one of the most controversial books of our time. To kill a mockingbird contains three debatable themes; racism, good and evil, and morals. Harper Lee uses three children and rape trial to portray these topics. These themes are present throughout the story of a small Alabama town divided over a rape trial including an African American man and a young white girl. Lee’s novel is still disputed over to this day. One of the book’s centralRead MoreCourage Against Social Prejudice898 Words   |  4 Pagesthe author of To Kill a Mockingbird, displays her opinion about social inequality through a variety of different characters who exhibit courage through everyday life. In Lee’s novel, one character, Mrs. Maudie who is a friend to Jem and Scout explains the meaning of a mockingbird as the following: â€Å"they don’t do one thing but sing their hearts out for us† (Lee, 1960, p.90). These characters, such as the Finch family, although quite different in their lifestyles, go against the social norm of treatingRead MoreEssay On Social Equality In To Kill A Mockingbird1100 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Equality is Missing. Please Return, If Found â€Å"We hold these truths to be self - evident that all men are created equal, and they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.† This is a famous line that Thomas Jefferson wrote in the Declaration of Independence in 1776. Yet, America has failed to show social equality to every race, religion, and gender since the known article was created. Throughout the novel,Read MoreExamples Of Prejudice In To Kill A Mockingbird771 Words   |  4 Pageshas already impacted this small, innocent town. Jem and Scout learn what their town is hiding by finding out who their neighbors really are. In To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee, prejudice is like a second language to the people of Maycomb. It is shown by gender, race, and social status. One way that prejudice is shown throughout To Kill a Mockingbird is gender. An example of this is that Scout is told that she has to wear a dress on multiple occasions. The women of the town, especially, are the

Environment Analysis of Amazon Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Environment Analysis of Amazon. Answer: Introduction The report talks about the importance of the external and internal environment analysis for the company. The analysis helps the company identifying the opportunities for the company in the market in which the company operates its business. The SWOT analysis is used by the company, the analysis consists of the four components strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat. Strength and weakness is the part of the internal analysis and the weakness and opportunity is the part of the external analysis. The analysis helps the company is identifying the weakness to convert it into the strength and helps the company to grab the opportunity (Ghaffari, Delgosha, and Abdolvand, 2014). The company selected for this task is amazon.com and the country selected is India, though there are many countries in which the company is operating the business. India is considering the best market for the company s the company is the well-known company. Overview of company Amazon.com, Inc. is an American electronic commerce and cloud computing company which is established in Seattle, Washington and was founded by Jeff Bezos on 5th July 1994. The company is well known as the largest Internet Retailer in the world. The company believes in four principles that include customer obsession rather than competitors focus, passion for invention, long-term thinking and the commitment to the operational excellence. The company is present in India and consist of 17,500 stores across the 225 cities. The company produces customer electronics such as Kindle e-readers, Fire tables, Echo and the Fire TV. The company is also a provider of cloud infrastructure services (Dolata, 2017). SWOT Table Strength Weakness Strong background and deep pockets Awareness about brand Efficient delivery system Cost leadership Shrinking margins High Debt Opportunities Threats Expansion of the products Opening of physical outlets Entry Barriers Local competition The SWOT table shows the analysis based on Amazon operation in India; the primary strength of the company is strong background and the awareness of the brand. The rest of the strengths are considered as the secondary strength, similarly, the primary weakness of the company is shrinking margins (Smith, Rupp, and Offodile, 2017). The major opportunity of the company is an expansion of the products and the expansion of the business. Local competition in the Indian market is becoming a primary threat to the company. Market description The Indian consumer electronics industry is growing from the past few decades. There is a change in the pattern of buying the products because of the higher disposable income, increase product awareness, a lifestyle of the customers and the affordable pricing. According to the booming consumer electronics market in India, the Indian market will grow at a CAGR of around 18% during 2011-2014. As per the Euromonitor Internationals Economies and Consumers data, the GDP of the country slowed down to 7.1% in 2017 as compared to 8.0% in 2016. This slowdown in GDP brought the slowdown in the replacement of the goods. The implementation of the GST (Goods and central tax) created the negative and the positive impact on the Indian market of the electronics. The GST tax came into the existence in the year 1st July 2017 (Euromonitor International, 2017). The manufacture and the customers were expecting the positive effect on the prices of the products due to cut down on taxes on many products. The products like mobile phones and digital cameras broke the record of the prices and the prices of product decreased, on the other hand, the rise in the prices of products like television, laptops, desktops, monitor, and printers (IANS, 2017). The local retailers get affected by the changes in the prices. The customers shifted towards the online retailers like Amazon, flip kart, e-bay and many others, this happened due to lack of cash in hand because of demonetization (Euromonitor International, 2017). The Indian electronics industry is expected to get recover during the forecasted period. Findings The Analysis of the market shows that the Amazon is a best online portal that is frequently used by the Indian customers. Explanation of the SWOT analysis (Source: Pandit, and Poojari, 2014) Strength The Amazon company is the leading online retailer in the world along with it is the well-known and leading retailer in India. The company has different product categories such as Electronics, toys, games, home and kitchen, software and many others. In order to maintain the competitive advantage, the company has created several strategies, out of which the cost leadership strategy helps the company to form alliances with the different companies who can offer the superior customer services (Pandit, and Poojari, 2014). The customers of the Indian market are aware of the brand and they have trust in a company, this is the reason they prefer Amazon over other brands. The delivery network of the company is efficient because the company has created a deep and the structured distribution network in order to make the product available at the remote locations (Khan, et.al, 2016). At certain geographic areas in India, the company provides the free delivery facility to the customers. Weakness The weakness of the company is that their margins are decreasing gradually. The reason behind the decrease in the margins of the company is that the company is expending the huge amount in extensive delivery network and price wars. In India, the company faced the loss of $359 crs in the year 2013-2014. In developing nations the company is struggling to make profit similarly in India the company is struggling to make the business profitable because a failure of this increases the debt of the company (Gupta, 2015). Opportunities The Amazon company is having the opportunity to expand the products in the Indian market for that the company needs to come with the innovative idea so that the company will be able to grab the attention of the customers and to make the profit out of it. The Indian market is one of the developing markets where the company should bring the innovative product (Kryvinska, Bauer, Strauss, and Gregus, 2014). The company can expand more and more outlets in India so that they can lead the market. Threats The entry barriers of the industry are decreasing, in the Indian market, there is a low entry of the company which leads to the competition in the existing companies. The less number of companies will be there in the market, the more competition will be there in the market and every company wants to become the leading company. Indian market consists of Snapdeal and Flipkart who are the e-commerce companies and these companies are giving tough competition to the Amazon company (Seth, 2016). Recommendation The company follows different types ofmarketing segmentation that consist of geographic, demographic, behavioral, and Psychographic. Target market The company recommended target consists of people who like to purchase the products from the online platforms. The age group that the company mainly target consists of the 18+ both male and females. The company provide the wide range of the products that provide the convenience to the buyers, as customer can buy different product from single portal they dont have to switch, so the company is looking to target the people so the people who are looking to buy products collectively are the primary target of company (Smith, Rupp, and Offodile, 2017). The customer believes that the prices kept by the company are quite competitive this behavior of customers towards the Amazon is beneficial for the company. New product design It is recommended to a company to come up with new product considering the demand of the customers in the Indian market. Online hosting auction software can be used by the company in the Indian market. The company needs to host the auction of the product on the site. This attracts the customers towards the company. Companies like e-bay and e-bid are also using this software in the market. This software provides the opportunity to the customers to select the merchant and the price they want to pay for the product. They can buy the product from the online auction according to their demand. The Indian customers have to believe that they are good at the negotiation and this interest attracts the customers towards the online auction facility. Marketing Mix The product designed by the company is available for the people who have the knowledge of buying the products from the online platforms and knows about the auction. The prices of the product are kept considering the value-based strategy, the company makes use of the value-based strategy which shows that the price of the product is based on the value of the product. The platform Amazon is making use of is e-commerce, so that place of the product is considered an e-commerce (Baker, and Saren, 2016). The promotion can be done by a company by providing an extra pop up facility on the site; the company can make use of the advertisement to generate the awareness about the new product that is designed by the company. The use of advertisement will help the company to communicate the message to the target audience. Customer value proposition The company is putting efforts to provide the value to the customer as the company knows it very well that the customers play a vital role. The Amazon company ensures the customer by providing them the trust on the products and services (Osterwalder, Pigneur, Bernarda, and Smith, 2014). The company should focus towards the after sales services of the company as these services help the company to bring the improvement in the goodwill and the brand value. Justification The new product online hosting auction software fits with the SWOT analysis conducted by the Amazon company. The company is making use of the opportunity; this is clear with the design of the new products. The company is expanding the product in the market, which enhances the opening of the outlets in the country and the company can give the competition to the local companies as well. S-O strategy, this is a strategy which shows the strength and opportunities of the company. The company makes use of their strength to take the advantage of the opportunities (Grant, 2016). The company is having the strong recognition in the market so the company don't have to put efforts to creating the awareness in the India; this is the reason company brought new product in the market which is going to helps the company to invest the amount in the product designing instead of promotional activities (Slack, 2015). This proves that the strength of the company provides a benefit to the company to grab the opportunity of the company. Conclusion The report talks about the value of the SWOT analysis in the company. This analysis helps the company to remove their strength by adopting new opportunity. The expansion of the product in the market is important to enhance the profit of the company. Launching the product in the Indian market is one of the big achievement for the company because by doing so a company can maintain the no.1 position in the market. The company can give the competition to the other companies like e-bay, snapdeal, and Flipkart. The report includes the SWOT analysis of the company along with this it includes the recommendation in regards to the target market, marketing mix, and the customer value proposition. The use of the strategy S-O helps in analyzing that the new product fits the new product. References Baker, M.J. and Saren, M. eds., 2016.Marketing theory: a student text. Sage. Dolata, U., 2017.Apple, Amazon, Google, Facebook, Microsoft: Market concentration-competition-innovation strategies(No. 2017-01). Stuttgarter Beitrge zur Organisations-und Innovationsforschung, SOI Discussion Paper. Euromonitor International, 2017, Consumer Electronics in India, viewed on 17th November 2017, https://www.euromonitor.com/consumer-electronics-in-india/report Ghaffari, K., Delgosha, M.S. and Abdolvand, N., 2014. Towards cloud computing: a SWOT analysis on its adoption in SMEs.arXiv preprint arXiv:1405.1932. Grant, R.M., 2016.Contemporary Strategy Analysis Text Only. John Wiley Sons. Gupta, M., 2015. Strategy Formulation for Performance Improvement of Indian Corrugated Industry: An Application of SWOT Analysis and QSPM Matrix. Journal of Applied Packaging Research, 7(3), p.3. IANS, 2017, Indian electronics market expected to reach $400B, viewed on 17th November 2017, https://yourstory.com/2017/06/indian-electronics-market-expected-reach-400b/ Khan, S., Gani, A., Wahab, A.W.A., Iqbal, S., Abdelaziz, A., Mahdi, O.A., Abdallaahmed, A.I., Shiraz, M., Al-Mayouf, Y.R.B., Khan, Z. and Ko, K., 2016. Towards an Applicability of Current Network Forensics for Cloud Networks: A SWOT Analysis. IEEE Access, 4, pp.9800-9820. Kryvinska, N., Bauer, C., Strauss, C. and Gregus, M., 2014. A SWOT Analysis of the Soft-Computing Paradigms SOA/SoC/Cloud Combination (C-SOA) in Software Development. InMCIS(p. 27). Osterwalder, A., Pigneur, Y., Bernarda, G. and Smith, A., 2014.Value proposition design: How to create products and services customers want. John Wiley Sons. Pandit, D.D.V. and Poojari, A., 2014. A study on amazon prime air for feasibility and profitability--a graphical data analysis.IOSR Journal of Business and Management,16(11), pp.06-11. Seth, A., 2016.E-tailing of Lingerie: Market Analysis and Business Construct. NIFT. Slack, N., 2015.Operations strategy. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Smith, A.D., Rupp, W.T. and Offodile, O.F., 2017. Amazon. com, Inc.: Retailing Giant to High-Tech Player?. Smith, A.D., Rupp, W.T. and Offodile, O.F., 2017. Amazon. com, Inc.: Retailing Giant to High-Tech Player?(pp. 3-6).

The five central characters Essay Example For Students

The five central characters Essay Eric was the next character involved; he took advantage of Eva and slept with her. When Eva became pregnant he stole money from his fathers business to give to her and when she found out about it, she refused to take any more. She told me she was going to have a baby I was in a hell of a state about it (Act three pg. 53 Eric). This obviously shows Eric cared about the well being of Eva and as he offered her money it shows he wanted to help. Compared to the other characters his attitude afterward was much like Sheilas and felt he had learnt a lesson from the whole thing. We will write a custom essay on The five central characters specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Mrs Birling was the last character to have an impact on the life of Eva Smith. She persuaded her charity to refuse aid to Eva, even though she had a child to look after and no job or husband. You admit being prejudice against Evas case? (Act two pg. 43 The Inspector). Compared with the other characters Mrs Birling was much like Mr Birling in retaining her argument that she did nothing wrong and she accepts no blame for what happened. Her decision was the final blow that pushed Eva towards suicide as she felt she could find no more help. Out of the characters, Gerald and Eric actively tried to help Eva (even though it was Eric who put her in the situation he helped her with). This shows that the both cared about Eva to an extent and I think therefore the least responsible characters. Sheila was unfair to Eva and got her fired on purpose, this makes her quite responsible, however she was upset and sorry for what she had done and has obviously learnt a valuable lesson from the whole experience. I think that the majority of the responsibility lies with Mr and Mrs Birling, as they werent sorry for what they had done. Also, Mr Birling had started the whole thing and Mrs Birling made the final blow, if either of them had been nicer then the whole thing wouldnt have started or may have ended there. Another point is that they both intended harm and were selfish in what they did, they didnt think of the welfare of Eva at all. In conclusion I think it was mainly Mr and Mrs Birling to blame, Gerald being the least, Eric after that and Sheila afterwards. In my opinion the blame should lie most with those who mean harm and arent remorseful for what they do afterwards.

Feedback TAC (for Spa) system

Feedback TAC (for Spa) system Feedback TAC stands for Tele Assistance Collaboration that helps businesses and especially those in the hospitality industry to remotely manage their daily operations. In the cotemporary and very competitive world, businesses are looking for appropriate technologies to enable them establish a competitive edge over their rival firms.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Feedback TAC (for Spa) system specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This has pressurized many firms to embrace appropriate technologies that enable them to run more efficiently. The Feedback TAC system is a good example of such a technology that has greatly boosted the performance of many businesses in the hospitality industry. The TAC System operates depending on the kind of data it receives. Therefore, the TAC system can be used to by the marketing department of hospitality industry to strategically position their firms’ services as well as products in the market. The TAC system should be used in Spa to determine the most appropriate lead time in order to increase its performances. Lead time entails the duration between the initialization of any idea of production and the time when the idea generates revenues. In most cases most firms do their best to reduce their lead time in order to avoid time wastages. It is believed that when these firms reduce their lead time accordingly, they are able to avoid accumulation of unfinished tasks that assists them to operate more efficiently. Conversely, other firms increase their efficiency by increasing their lead time. They argue that an extended lead time gives them an ample time to prepare to attend their customers. The Spa marketing department should use the TAC system to help it to determine the most viable time for customers to do their booking. The Spa management should feed its TAC system with the right data of when it opens as well as when it closes. For, instance, the Spa TAC system should be designed to accept those bookings that are done between 16:00 and 20:00. This will help those customers who are doing their booking, to book at times when Spa operates. The Spa management should make sure that they advice their IT experts to ensure that the Spa TAC System they adopt have an extended lead time. An extended lead time will enable the customers to do their booking in advance. Through this process the management will be able to plan in good time on how to serve its customers.Advertising Looking for essay on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Similarly, early booking will help the management to buy appropriate materials its employees may require when attending their clients. Through this process, Spa will run more efficiently. Subsequently, it will attract more customers because more people will be willing to use its services because its efficiency services. The TAC system should allow people to do their booking even three weeks in advance. In addition to an extended lead time, the TAC System embraced should regulate Spa booking processes. The system should only accept those bookings that the Spa employees can manage to handle at a time. In order for it to regulate the bookings accordingly, the system should be fed with the correct data of the numbers of tasks the Spa employees can manage at a time. Thus, when a client books to be attended in a schedule that is full to capacity, the system should direct the customer to the next available and most appropriate options to select from. For instance, the system should allow only one person to book for the hair cut at a go because Spa is able to serve one person at a time. The customer should direct those other customers who book for hair cut to the next available options. The TAC system should on the other hand allow three people to book for the treatment at a go because Spa has can accommodate three chances for treatment at ago. Other consequent bookings should be directed to the next appropriate options. The TAC system should allow people to book for hair cut as well as treatment from Monday to Friday. Conversely, it should allow people to book for hair dressing only on Mondays and Tuesdays. Through this method, the Spa is likely to perform very well and command a greater market share in its area of specialization. The TAC system should only allow customers to make their booking between 16:00-20:00 because that is the time frame when Spa operates. Any booking that is made before 16:00 or after 20:00 should not be accepted by the TAC system. Similarly, the TAC system should not allow people to book for any services on Sunday since SPA does not operate on Sundays.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Feedback TAC (for Spa) system specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The TAC system to be installed by Spa ought to have appropriate dis counts for its customers. The customers who provide referral services as well as those who provide repeated business to the company should automatically be assigned special discounts when booking. Similarly, the TAC System should have some special packages for its royal customers as well as promotions that are meant to enhance the awareness of the firm. Technology is a very important strategy that firms use to augment their performances. When firms adopt appropriate technologies in their system, they are able to perform more efficiently. Spa will improve its performance greatly when it adopts the TAC System. The system will help it to run more efficiently. Subsequently, Spa will be able to win more customers and help it make more profits as a result of its increased market share.

Management - Integrative Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management - Integrative - Term Paper Example There are usually two types of organizational change: Initiated or planned change and unplanned or reactive change. The first one refers to a situation where there is a deliberate adoption of new processes and methods of operations. In regard to managerial view of planned change, it originates from the individual who has experience in the particular day-to-day operations and, therefore, is the proposer of the change and implementer as well (Hughes, 2006). Unplanned or reactive change is one which occurs spontaneously and which does undergo a conscious and rational process for its implementation. It is also critical to understand that change within an organization can be both internally and externally generated. As such, the approach towards organizational change management seems to be varied and the complexity within such approaches varies depending on the nature of the situation and the human relations therein (Hayes, 2010). The subsequent discussion shall focus on organized change and change management processes within the organization. Discussion Building the guiding team The importance of the organizational role in achieving its own objectives cannot be stressed enough. The organization’s role is heavily dependent on the ability to attain cohesion within the efforts of individuals, teams and management within the organization. The two authors collectively address themselves to this concern, highlighting its ever-growing importance within the global trade. Kotter and Cohen (2002) place emphasis on the people’s quality and the ability to create cohesive efforts within the change-led team. It identifies and elaborates the role of human impact in change management as irreplaceable. Firstly, the proposals for such alterations in the mode of organizational operations are intimated by the person(s) in charge of the operational function, i.e., the person who actively and directly engages in that level of activity is the identifier of more efficient wa ys of performing the role, thus proposes the changes for evaluation. Secondly, the proposed change(s) needs be assessed in light of the impact on people. Change is likely to elicit resistance from members in the organization. This is one of the prime challenges for managers in the introduction and managing change in the firm (Alvesson & Sveningsson, 2007). Getting the vision right However, the authors take two different approaches in examining this concept. According to Ivancevich et al. (2011), the global approach focuses on individual behavior within the organizational setting in response to setting â€Å"right† organizational goals. Kotter and Cohen (2002) address the global trade question by focusing on how change can be effected within the organization to better increase their capacity to handle the emergent global business environment through an eight-step process. The problem with the former strategy lies in its simplification of goal setting within the organization. I n practice, however, organizations are faced with a multiplicity of goals; some of which may be in direct conflict with each other (Ivancevich, Konopaske, & Matteson, 2011). Similarly, the dominant challenge in the latter’s approach is its assumption that effective change management is a process that can be effected at will within the organization (by management) towards the desired direction and objectives. Additionally,

Sidewalk Repair Ordinance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sidewalk Repair Ordinance - Essay Example The quality of the sidewalks reflects on the quality of life for all the citizens of the city as well as the visitors who come here. It is only reasonable to have the burden of the repair costs shouldered by the city. The sidewalk is not the property of the owner of the adjacent property. The tactics of the Department of Public Works have been abusive, as they have threatened property owners with fines and unreasonable deadlines. The city should find taxpayer money to finance the repairs and leave the property owners alone. The estimated cost of repairing the nearly 5,200 blocks of city sidewalk has been quoted as $1.5 million. This is a reasonable amount and the city would benefit from this improvement. However, the cost of enforcing the ordinance has been put at $1.3 million. Instead of spending the money on enforcement, the city should spend the money to do the needed repairs. It does not make sense to spend $1.3 million to enforce a law that will only save the city $1.5 million. Financially, this is a break-even proposition. However, it will cause hardship to those citizens that are required to pay for the repairs. It will leave bitterness and resentment in its wake as property owners get slapped with a bill for a public works project. I am proud of our fine city and am fully in support of the efforts to renovate and repair

Discoveries And Inventions In Fundamental Sciences History Essay

Discoveries And Inventions In Fundamental Sciences History Essay There is a general concept that the sciences are exclusively the products of Western minds. Review of any standard book or encyclopedias regarding the history of science makes evident that the only contributors are Europeans and/or Americans. The most oft-mentioned names are Kepler, Galileo, Copernicus, Bacon, Da Vinci, Franklin, Newton, Benjamin etc. Thus it is made unavoidable to conclude the major contributions to the development of the modern sciences by other cultures are minimal. The advancements made by ancient Chinese, Indian or particularly, Muslim scholars are hardly mentioned in most standard books and literature. Although Western civilization has made many invaluable contributions to the development of the sciences however, so have numerous other cultures. Unfortunately, Westerners have long been credited with discoveries that were made by muslims scientists many centuries before. Thus, many of the basic sciences were invented by non-Europeans. For instance, George Sarton states that modern Western medicine did not originate from Europe and that it actually arose from the (Islamic) orient. inShare91 515 points on reddit Major Inventions of Muslim Scientists: A number of inventions and discoveries were made by the Muslim scientists throughout the history. Muslim geographers and navigators learned the use of magnetic needle, from the Chinese, and were the first to use magnetic needles in navigation. Muslims invented the compass and its use in navigation, which was later on passed to the West. European navigators relied on Muslim pilots and their instruments while exploring the unknown territories. Gustav Le Bon claims that the magnetic needle and compass were the inventions of Muslims. The Chinese, probably learned of it from Muslim traders. It is noteworthy that after the interaction with the Muslims during the 8th century the Chinese improved their navigational expertise. Ibn Firnas a Muslim scientist of Islamic Spain invented, constructed and tested a flying machine in the 800s A.D. Roger Bacon learned of flying machines from Arabic references to Ibn Firnas machine. According to Will Durant, Ibn Firnas of Islamic Spain, invented a watch-like device in 9th century, which kept accurate time. The Muslims also constructed a variety of highly accurate astronomical clocks for use in their observatories. As early as the 9th century A.D Muslim mathematicians, the inventors of algebra, introduced the concept of using letters for unknown variables in equations. They solved a variety of complex equations through this system, including quadratic and cubic equations. They used symbols to develop and perfect the binomial theorem. Thabit bin Qurrah was among the first Mathematicians of the Islamic Empire who accomplished this precisely this as early as the 9th century A.D, and he was followed by Abul Wafa, whose 10th century book utilized algebra to advance geometry into an exact and simplified science. In the 9th century Muslim astronomers made numerous improvements upon Ptolemys findings. They were the first astronomers to dispute his archaic ideas. They produced hundreds of highly accurate astronomical tables and star charts. Many of their calculations are so precise that they are regarded as contemporary. Copies of works on astronomy the Alphonsine Tables was transmitted to Europe via Islamic Spain, i.e. the Toledo Tables. In their critic of the Greeks, Muslims synthesized proof that the sun is the center of the solar system and that the orbits of other planets and the earth might be elliptical. During the 9th century the Muslim physician originated the science of pharmacology and was developed into a highly refined and exact science. Muslim chemists, pharmacists and physicians produced thousands of drugs and/or crude herbal extracts one thousand years prior to the supposed birth of pharmacology. During the 9th century, eyeglasses were invented by Ibn Firnas of Islamic Spain and they were manufactured and sold throughout Spain for over two centuries. Any mention of eyeglasses by Roger Bacon was simply a regurgitation of the work of al-Haytham (d. 1039), whose research Bacon frequently referred to. During the 8th through 15th centuries, Muslim geographers produced untold volumes of books on the geography of Africa, Asia, India, China and the Indies. These writings included the worlds first geographical encyclopedias, almanacs and road maps. The 14th century masterpieces of Ibn Battutah provide a detailed view of the geography of the ancient world. The science of ethnography was invented by the Muslim scholars of the 9th through 14th centuries. A number of Muslim geographers classified the races, writing detailed explanations of their physical appearances and unique cultural habits. Blumenbachs works were insignificant in comparison. Muslim physicians used a variety of specific substances to destroy microbes. They applied sulfur topically specifically to kill the scabies mite. Ar-Razi (10th century) used mercurial compounds as topical antiseptics. During the 9th and 10th centuries, the Venetians learned of the art of fine glass production from Syrian artisans. Glass mirrors were in use in Islamic Spain as early as the 11th century. Ibn Yunus al-Masri discovered the pendulum in the 10th century, and was the first to study and document its oscillatory motion. Its value for use in clocks was introduced by Muslim physicists during the 15th century. Muslim mathematicians as early as the 10th century solved numerous equations of even higher degrees with ease. Binomial theorem was utilized and perfected for its use in the systematic solution of algebraic problems by hundreds of the Muslim mathematicians. In the 10th century numerous Muslim chemists produced medicinal-grade alcohol through the process of distillation and manufactured the first distillation devices on a large scale for use in chemistry. They used alcohol as a solvent and antiseptic. The prophet Muhammad wisely warned against entering or leaving a region suffering from plague thus introducing the concept of quarantine for the very first time in the 7th century A.D. later in the 10th century, Muslim physicians innovated the use of isolation wards for individuals suffering with communicable diseases. As early as the 10th century, Muslim physicians and surgeons of 10th century used to apply purified alcohol to wounds as an antiseptic agent. In Islamic Spain surgeons utilized special methods for maintaining antisepsis prior to and during surgery. The origin of specific protocols for maintaining hygiene during the post-operative period raised the success rate so high that dignitaries throughout Europe came to Cordova, Spain, to be treated at what was comparably the Mayo Clinic of the Middle Ages. Islams ar-Razi wrote an in-depth treatise on the venous system, accurately describing the function of the veins and their valves in the 10th century. Timeline of Muslim Scientists from 700 900 AD: 8th century: 700s [petroleum; civil engineering] In Baghdad the streets were constructed and paved with tar, coming from the petroleum that oozed in natural oil fields in the region.   700s 800s [cosmetics] In Spain a beauty institute was started by Ziryab (Blackbird). 740 828 Al-Amai, Zoology, Botany, Animal husbandry.   770 840 [mathematics] The Calculus of resolution and juxtaposition (hisab al-jabr wal-muqabala), more briefly referred to as al-jabr, or algebra, was developed by Kharazmi, Algebra was a unifying theory which allowed rational numbers, irrational numbers, geometrical magnitudes, etc., to all be treated as algebraic objects. It gave mathematics a whole new development path so much broader in concept to that which had existed before, and provided a vehicle for future development of the subject. Another important aspect of the introduction of algebraic ideas was that it allowed mathematics to be applied to itself in a way which had not happened before.   Al-Khwarizmis successors undertook a systematic application of arithmetic to algebra, algebra to arithmetic, both to trigonometry, algebra to the Euclidean theory of numbers, algebra to geometry, and geometry to algebra. This was how the creation of polynomial algebra, combinatorial analysis, numerical analysis, the numerical solution of equations, the new elementary theory of numbers, and the geometric construction of equations arose.   Late 700s 800 [musical science] Mansour Zalzal of Kufa was a musician (luth) and composer of the Abbasid era. Contributed musical scales that were later named after him (the Mansouri scale) and introduced positions (intervals) within scales such as the wasati-zalzal that was equidistant from the alwasati alqadima and wasati al-fors who made improvements on the design of the luth instrument and designed the Luth. In 715 800 [chemistry] The Muslim chemist, Geber (Jabir ibn Hayyan), is considered the father of chemistry, for introducing the experimental scientific method for chemistry, such as alembic, still, retort, pure distillation, liquefaction, crystallisation, purification, oxidisation, evaporation, and filtration. He was the first chemist known to produce sulfuric acid, as well as many other laboratory instruments and chemical substances. His works include The elaboration of the Grand Elixir, The chest of wisdom in which he writes on nitric acid, Kitab al-Istitmam (translated to Latin later as Summa Perfectionis), and many others.   715 800 [alchemy] Geber, introduced the first theories on the transmutation of metals, the philosophers stone, and the artificial creation of life in the laboratory.   715 800 [glass] Geber added colour to glass by introducing small quantities of metallic oxides to the glass, such as manganese dioxide (magnesia). This was a new advancement in the glass industry unknown in antiquity.   9th century: 800 868 [biology, zoology, linguistics, language,] Amr ibn Bahr al-Jahiz wrote a number of works on zoology, lexicography, rhetoric, and Arabic grammar. In his most famous book the Book of Animals, he was the first to discuss food chains, and environmental determinism by arguing that the environment can determine the physical characteristics of the inhabitants in a certain community he also stated that the origins of different colors of human skin is the result of the environment. The struggle for existence and the theory of evolution by natural selection was first discussed by him. 800 873 Ibn Ishaq Al-Kindi (Latinized, Alkindus.) was an expert in Optics, Metallurgy, Cryptography, Medicine, Mathematics, Physics and Philosophy. He worked at the House of Wisdom which was set up in 810. He introduces quantification into medicine in his book De Gradibus.   In 810 the works of Greek and Indian scientists on astronomy and mathematics were translated into Arabic in Bayt al-Hikma (House of Wisdom) which was set up in Baghdad. 820 [mathematics] Mahani (full name Abu Abdollah Muhammad ibn Isa Mahani in Arabic Al-Mahani). Conceived the idea of reducing geometrical problems such as duplicating the cube to algebraic problems.   836 901 [anatomy; astronomy; mathematics; mechanics] Born Thabit Ibn Qurra (Latinized, Thebit.) made considerable contributions in mathematics particularly in number theory and geometry while studying at Baghdads House of Wisdom under the Banu Musa brothers. He discovered the theorem by which pairs of amicable numbers can be found; i.e., two numbers such that each is the sum of the proper divisors of the other. Later, al-Baghdadi (b. 980) and al-Haytham (born 965) developed variants of the theorem.   838 870 Tabari (full name: Ali ibn Sahl Rabban Al-Tabari) made many contributions in Calligraphy, Mathematics, Literature, and Medicine.   In mid 800s [chemistry] Al-Kindi gave 107 recipes for making perfumes and also wrote on the distillation of wine as that of rose water, in his book Kitab Kimia al-`otoor wa al-tas`eedat (book of the chemistry of perfumes and distillations).   850 930 [mathematics] Abu Kamil of Egypt (full name, Abu Kamil Shuja ibn Aslam ibn Muhammad ibn Shuja) made an important link in the development of algebra between al-Khwarizmi and al-Karajis time not using the symbols, but writing powers of x in words, he had begun to understand what should be written in symbols. 852 [aviation, flight] Abbas Ibn Firnas (Armen Firman) made the first successful parachute fall near CÃÆ' ³rdoba, Spain using a huge wing-like cloak. 858 929 [astronomy mathematics] Al-Battani (Albategnius) made valuable works on astronomy, trigonometry etc.   860 Al-Farghani (Al-Fraganus) was master in Civil engineering and Astronomy. 864 930 [chemistry; medicine] Al-Razi (Rhazes) studied Astronomy, Chemistry, Medicine, Ophthalmology and Smallpox. He wrote on Naft (naphta or petroleum) and its distillates in his book Kitab sirr al-asrar (book of the secret of secrets). When choosing a site to build Baghdads hospital, he hung pieces of fresh meat in different parts of the city and selected the location where the meat took the longest to rot, for building the hospital. He also suggested that patients must not be told about their real condition so that fear or despair may not affect the healing process. His notable works were on soap, alkali, caustic soda, and glycerine. He also gave the descriptions of equipment, processes and methods for their preparation in his book Kitab al-Asrar (book of secrets) in 925.   870 950 Al-Farabi (Al-Pharabius) wrote on early Islamic philosophy, logic in Islamic philosophy, Muslim sociology, musical science and political science. In   875 [aviation, flight] Abbas Ibn Firnas made the first flight in a hang glider with artificial wings, but his landing was unsuccessful. He also worked on mechanics of Flight, Planetarium, and Artificial Crystals. Ibn Firnas was the first to investigate the means of flight.   800s [chemistry; petroleum] Oilfields in Baku, Azerbaijan, generated commercial activities and industry. These oilfields, were wells dug to get the Naft (or naphta, or crude petroleum) these were described by geographer Masudi in the 10th century and by Marco Polo in the 13th century, who described the output of those wells as hundreds of shiploads.   10th century: 900s [mathematics; accounting] By this century, three systems of counting were used in the Arab world. First was the Finger-reckoning arithmetic, in this system the numerals were written entirely in words this system was used by the business community. Second was the sexagesimal system, originated by the Babylonians, in this system the numerals were denoted by letters of the arabic alphabet it was used by Arab mathematicians in astronomical work. The third was the Hindu-Arabic numeral system, which was used with various sets of symbols. Arithmetic of this system required the use of a dust board (a sort of handheld blackboard) because the methods required moving of numbers in the calculation and rubbing some out as the calculation proceeded. Later these methods were modified by Al-Uqlidisi (born 920) for pen and paper use. Eventually the advances enabled the decimal system to be used throughout the world in its standard form.  

The Mention of the Israelites in Egyptian Scriptures :: essays research papers fc

There are several Egyptian documents that not only mention the Israelites in their texts, but also tie the Bible to historical facts. Egyptian documents such as the Tell el-Amarna letters, a large â€Å"stele† of the Menephtah, and the Elephantine papyri not only tell the history of Egypt, they also coincide with biblical scripture. The documents confirm not only dates, certain numbers, and rituals, such as circumcision, but places and event, e.g. The Exodus, of biblical stories.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to James Orr, general editor for â€Å"The Definition for Egypt,† the Tell el-Amarna Letters were discovered in 1887. â€Å"These documents refer to many Biblical cities; they also give much direct information concerning the political and social conditions at that period† (Orr, Palestine). Damien Mackey’s â€Å"The House of David,† shows the remarkable similarities between several rulers in Egypt and the three kings (Saul, David, and Salomon) mentioned in the Bible. In Michael Grant’s â€Å"The History of Ancient Israel,† he states that a ruler in the 14th century named Labayu ruled over Shechem and extended his kingdom as far as the Mediterranean coast (18). One model given in the case of Saul tells of a second name stated in Psalm 57; the name is Lebaim, â€Å"a unique word in the Old Testament meaning great lions.† In line with this passage comes a reference from the Amarna letters; an Egyptian pharaoh whose name was Labayu, meaning â€Å"Great Lion of (N)’ where N is a god’s name† (Mackey 1). The Amarna letters could also wrap together David and Tuthmosis III as one and the same. Labayu had sons that battled for an equally important roll after his death (Grant 18). In II Samuel 3:1, the passage tells of how Saul’s two sons Ish-Bosheth and David fought for power. This leads Mackey to a comprehensive comparison between David and Tuthmosis I & III. A few illustrations in the contrast are ranging from military campaigns to coronation ceremonies (Mackey 3-5). In the military campaign of Megiddo, the records by Tuthmosis III describe the split of his armies to defeat scattered forces in separate Canaanite towns. Later, Tuthmosis rejoins his armies to capture of Megiddo (Orr, Palestine). This corresponds with II Samuel 11:1 account of David’s conquest of Rabbah (Mackey 5). Although, not as much information is found on the Elephantine papyri and the â€Å"stele† of Menephtah, they still display the bonds between the history of Egypt and biblical scriptures.

John Gotti: The Teflon Don Essay

â€Å"There was nothing that my father loved more than being a gangster. Not money, not even us. He felt that anybody that really lived this life like he did, at the end of the day you have to die or go to jail.† – John Gotti Jr. Who is John Gotti? Depending upon who you ask this question to, your answer could vary. Growing up in my neighborhood in Far Rockaway, Queens John Gotti is a legend and someone people look up to. At the same time you can ask other people about John Gotti and they will tell you that he was a ruthless thug and a menace to society. Either way you look at it John Gotti made his mark here in America and he was known all across the country for being the boss of the largest and most powerful of the five families in New York, the Gambino crime family. I will not talk about my opinions on John Gotti in this paper but I will give you his life story from his birth in the Bronx to his death in prison and let you be the judge. John Joseph Gotti was born on October 27, 1940 in the Bronx, New York. John was the fifth child of Philomena (Fannie) and Joseph Gotti, who were Italian Immigrants. Joseph and Fannie Gotti also had twelve other children; four of which who would also become made men, or members of the Mafia. John’s younger brother Gene Gotti was actually initiated before John was due to John’s incarceration at that time. During John’s time as boss of the Gambino crime family he had his brother Peter Gotti initiated despite John’s belief (and that of many others) that Peter did not have what it takes to be La Cosa Nostra. Peter earned himself the nickname â€Å"the dumbest don† after the incarceration of John Gotti, Gene Gotti, and John Gotti Jr. when he assumed the position of Boss of the Gambino crime family. The other two brothers were Richard Gotti, who would be revealed as capo in 2002, and Vincent Gotti. John Gotti spent his early years growing up in poverty. John Gotti’s father Joseph Gotti was a day laborer who never had regular work or a steady source of income. On top of Joseph Gotti’s problems with findin g decent work so he would be able to provide for his family, he also had a gambling problem. This was a huge problem because he was the only earning member of the large family. John Gotti came to resent his father for not being able to provide the family. By the time Gotti reached the age of twelve, he was already an errand boy working for an underground club. This club was headed by Carmine Fatico, a capo in the Gambino crime family. Fatico was an early mentor Gotti until John was introduced to Aniello Dellacroce, who became his mentor for life. Gotti had his first run in with the law in 1954 when he was caught with friends attempting to steal a portable cement mixer that tipped over and crushed the toes of his feet. He had to be hospitalized for a while and as a result he is supposedly missing a toe or two. By 1956, Gotti had dropped out of Franklin K. Lane High School and was named the leader of the Fulton-Rockaway Boys. This gang is where he meets and befriends Angelo Ruggiero and Wilfred Johnson, who also become Made Men in the Gambino crime family. When Gotti moved with his family to Ozone Park in Queens, New York, Gotti became a key member of the Gambino hijacking crew. Along with his brother Gene and Ruggiero, Gotti began hija cking trucks at what would come to be known as John F Kennedy International Airport. This is where he was introduced to and befriended future Bonanno crime family boss Joseph Massino. It was here that they were given the nicknames of â€Å"Black John† and â€Å"Crazy Horse†. In 1968, Gotti was arrested for the hijackings. While out on bail, Gotti was arrested again for a hijacking on the New Jersey Turnpike. Gotti pleaded guilty to the Northwest Airlines hijackings but the charges were dropped on the New Jersey Turnpike cigarette hijackings. Gotti served three years in Lewisburg Federal Penitentiary for the hijackings. After his release in 1972, Gotti returned to the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club to work with Carmine Fatico until later that year when Fatico was indicted on loansharking charges. Despite Gotti not yet being a Made Man, Fatico named him the acting capo of the Bergin crew. It was at this time that Gotti and Dellacroce grew closer because Gotti would frequently come to the Ravenite Social Club to brief Dellacroce on his crew’s activities. In May of 1973, Emanuel Gambino, nephew of Carlo Gambino who was the current head of the family, was kidnapped and murdered despite the payment of a $100,000 ransom. Gotti was tasked to take out the man responsible along with Ruggiero and Ralph Galione. The primary suspect was an Irish gangster by the name of James McBrantley. Gotti and his boys found McBrantly in a bar in Staten Island. While Gotti and Ruggiero go over and try to take him somewhere, Galione comes over and shoots McBrantley in the middle of the club for everyone to see. Gotti would be arrested for this murder one year later after being fingered by many eyewitnesses, one of which was his friend Wilfred â€Å"Willie Boy† Johnson. Gotti was able to strike a plea bargain so he would only serve four years in prison for attempted manslaughter. After the Death of Carlo Gambino in 1976, Paul â€Å"Big Paul† Castellano became the boss of the Gambino crime family. Upon his release in 1977, John Gotti was immediat ely initiated into the Gambino crime family. Gotti was immediately promoted to capo of the Bergin crew, replacing Carmine Fatico. Castellano kept Dellacroce as his underboss and gave him control over 10 of the 23 crews, including Gotti’s Bergin crew. Gotti’s Bergin crew was the largest earners of all of Dellacroce’s crews. Gotti also ran a loansharking business on the side on top of taking his cut from all the money that his subordinates made. Gotti had many people working for him and he made them all make regular appearances at the Bergin and would get irritated if someone didn’t check in within 48 hours, he kept this routine when he moved to the Ravenite Social Club. In 1980, Gotti’s son Frank Gotti was killed in a traffic accident by their neighbor, John Favara. Favara was abducted and never to be heard from again, many believe him to be dead. Despite the belief of some people that Gotti killed Favara himself, the Gotti’s were on vacation in Florida at the time of his abduction. John Gotti Jr., future head of the Gambino crime family, still believes that his father m ost definitely had something to do with his disappearance though. In his remaining years as capo of the Bergin crew, Gotti was indicted on two separate occasions. He would not go to trial for either of these cases until he was crowned boss of the Gambino crime family. One of these cases came in September of 1984; Gotti was arrested for the assault and robbery of a refrigerator repairman named Romual Piecyk. Piecyk found his car blocked by a double parked vehicle outside of the Cozy Corner Bar in Queens. Piecyk laid on his car horn until Frank Colletta, the owner of the double parked car and Gambino family associate, came out, smacked him across the face and took his weekly paycheck out of his shirt pocket. When Piecyk began to fight back, Gotti came running out and smacked him across the face and reached into his waistband and told him â€Å"you better get the f*** out of here!† Piecyk went and got the police and they returned to the bar and arrested Gotti and Colletta. The second indictment came in 1985 when Gotti along with Dellacroce and other Bergin crew members were the targets of a racketeering case, headed by US Attorney Diane Gi acalone. It was the latter case that revealed Gotti’s close friend, Willie Boy Johnson, to be an FBI informant. When Gotti found out all he had to say to Johnson was â€Å"I’m gonna give you a pass, and I give you my word no one will bother you, Gotti told Willie Boy. After we win this case, you won’t be able to be in the life again. But you’ll get a job, you’ll have your family, and you’ll be all right.† As the boss of the family, Paul Castellano had banned Made Men from the Gambino family in dealing with drugs under the threat of death. In 1983, Angelo Ruggiero and Gene Gotti along with a few others were all indicted on heroin charges. The indictment came about through bugs placed in the home of Angelo Ruggiero, using evidence given to the FBI by Willie Boy Johnson. Along with the talks of heroin deals on these tapes there were also some remarks made about Castellano from Ruggiero on there. Castellano’s pursuit to hear what was on these tapes would be the beginning of the end for him. Although John Gotti was not on any of the tapes and they co uld make no connection to him, Castellano was still looking to hold Gotti accountable. In fear for his life, Ruggiero went to Dellacroce to see if he could plead his case to Castellano that they were only sorting out the affairs of his brother Salvatore Ruggiero, a big time heroin dealer who had no ties to the family. The story was enough to hold Castellano off until he received the tapes. In the spring of 1985 Castellano began pressing for the tapes again but backed off when he found out that his underboss, Dellacroce, was dying of cancer. He figured that if he waited for Dellacroce to die, there would be nobody he had to worry about stopping him from getting the tapes. Castellano was able to hear the tapes that summer and began formulating a plan of action but would hold off on putting that plan in motion until Dellacroce died. Gotti knew Castellano, who was never a fan of Gotti and wanted him out of the family, would have him killed so he began a plot of his own along with Frank DeCicco, Sammy Gravano, Joseph Armone, and Robert DiBernardo. When Dellacroce died on December 2, 1985, it was time for one of the sides to make their move. Castellano did not show up at the services for his former underboss and that infuriated Gotti and other members of the family and also members of the other four fam ilies. For Gotti to have the head of his family killed, he would first have to go to the heads of the other families in New York for permission. Gotti got the necessary votes from the Bonanno, Colombo, and Luchesse families for the hit. â€Å"The Fist†, which is what the five men went by, had the perfect set up. They figured that a little over a week before Christmas, around rush hour, between 5pm and 6pm that the streets would be flooded with probably over a thousand people doing there holiday errands. They figured the hit would only last a few seconds and the confusion from the panic after the gunshots went off would make for the perfect escape. The four designated shooters were Vincent Artuso, John Carneglia, Eddie Lino and Salvatore Scala. The designated back-up shooter, Anthony Tony Roach Rampino, would be standing across the street from Sparks Steak House, while Angelo Ruggiero, Joseph Watts and Iggy Alogna would be stationed at 46th Street and Second Avenue to help with the escape. Frank DeCicco would be inside the restaurant where a meeting was to take place. He would be joined there by capos James Failla and Daniel Marino, who were not part of the plot. On December 16 Big Paul had arranged to meet Dellacroce’s son Buddy Dellacroce at Sparks Steak House on East 46th Street. Frank DeCicco set it up. Castellano was going to pay homage, to explain why he had not come to the wake and offered condolences, to make amends. It wouldn’t be until the afternoon of the planned murders that the actual hit team knew who their targets were. Huddled in a park on Manhattans Lower East Side, the group went over the final details of the murder plot. The four shooters were dressed alike long light colored trench coats and black fur Russian style hats. The reasoning for this was to draw attention to the outfits, not the men wearing them. Gotti and Gravano parked a Lincoln, driven by John himself, up the block in sight of the front of Sparks Steak House. Moments later Thomas Bilotti, Big Paul’s new underboss, pulled up next to Gottiâ€℠¢s car at an intersection and waited for the light to change. Using a walkie-talkie Gravano notified the others that Castellano was approaching. Bilotti steered the Lincoln into an open space in front of Sparks and got out. As Castellano stepped out of the vehicle, the hit men moved in. Big Paul was hit six times in the head and killed instantly. When the shooting began, the unarmed Bilotti ducked and looked through the driver’s side window only to see his boss’s execution, unaware that killers were now aiming at him. As the shooters assigned to Bilotti opened fire, Artuso’s gun jammed. However, the gunfire from the second assassin dropped the newly crowned underboss. Carneglia, who had finished blasting away at Castellano, ran over to the other side of the car and put the finishing touches on Bilotti. After the very public killing of Castellano and underboss Bilotti, Gotti found himself in the media spotlight a lot and was widely suspected to be responsible for the murders. Gotti became known as the â€Å"Dapper Don† for his expensive suits, hand painted ties, and meticulously groomed silver hair. At the time of Gotti’s takeover, the Gambino family was regarded as the most powerful American mafia family, which is why during this time he was regarded as a boss of bosses. The Gambino crime family’s estimated annual income was around five hundred million dollars. According to Sammy â€Å"The Bull† Gravano, Gotti was bringing in about ten to twelve million dollars per year. In an attempt to protect himself and his underlings legally, he banned any Made Man from taking a plea agreement that acknowledges the existence of the family. Gotti’s fame came to affect the outcome of his previous indictments from 1984 and 1985. By the mid to late 1980s, John Gotti had gone from the â€Å"Dapper Don† to the â€Å"Teflon Don† because of the failure to make any charges stick to him. When Gotti went to trial for the 1984 assault and robbery of Romual Piecyk, Gotti benefited from his new fame. Piecyk received many phone calls and the breaks to his work van were cut. Fearing for the worst, Piecyk went into hiding, hoping he would not have to testify. When Piecyk was forced to testify he said he could not remember who his attackers were . Because of his random loss of memory, the New York Daily News came out with a headline that read â€Å"I Forgotti!† On April 7, 1986 the jury selection for Gotti’s RICO case began. With the success Gotti had in intimidating Piecyk in his prior case, he decided to use the same tactics to beat this case. Dennis Quirk was the first witness to be approached by Gotti’s men and was murdered right before he had to testify against Gotti’s co-defendant, Charles Carnaglia. The events to happen in the next few days would lead Judge Nickerson to postpone the trial. On the morning of April 9, a bomb threat was called into the courthouse, clearing it immediately. On April 13, 1986, underboss Frank DeCicco was killed when his car was bombed following a visit to James Failla. The bombing was carried out by Lucchese capos Victor Amuso and Anthony Casso, under orders of bosses Anthony Corallo and Vincent Gigante, to avenge Castellano and Bilotti. Gotti also planned to visit Failla that day, but canceled, and the bomb was detonated after a soldier who rode with DeCicco was mistaken for the boss. While Gotti’s trial had been postponed, he remained in jail beca use his bail had been revoked for evidence of intimidation in the Piecyk case. Pretrial motions were handled on August 18, 1986. Judge Nickerson had ruled that there would be an anonymous jury to protect jurors from intimidation and the jury would not be sequestered, or isolated. Cutler claimed that such a jury creates fear that is misplaced and deprives the defendants of a fair trial. Bruce Cutler, John Gotti’s lawyer, went at the credibility of the prosecution’s witnesses like Edward Maloney and Mathew Traynor, calling them low lives and scum. This would come to be known as â€Å"Brucifying†, it was a tag that Cutler would gladly wear. Along with stripping the credibility of some of the prosecutor’s witnesses, Gravano was reached out to in order to offer his vote of not guilty to ensure a hung jury. This man’s name was George Pape; he offered his vote for sixty thousand dollars. On March 13, 1987, they acquitted Gotti and his codefendants of all charges. In February 1986, the Bankers and Brokers Restaurant in Battery Park City was under construction. The restaurant was under the management of Philip Modica, whom police described as a Gambino crime-family soldier. Modica was not using union carpenters in the construction, which upset John F. O’Connor, The business agent and chief operating officer of Manhattan-based Local 608 of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters & Joiners. O’Connor responded by having the restaurant trashed one February night, causing some thirty thousand dollars’ worth of damage. When Modica took his complaint to Gotti, he ordered that O’Connor be busted up and the assignment was given to members of the Westies, a gang of Irish thugs from the Hell’s Kitchen section of Manhattan. At 6:40 in the morning on May 7, O’Connor was waiting to enter an elevator in the lobby of a midtown Manhattan building that housed his union offices. Westies gang member Kevin Kelly at O’Connor shot four times, wounding him in the butt, left leg and hip. The union official was rushed to St. Clare’s Hospital, where he soon recovered. On the evening of January 23, 1989, John Gotti was arrested outside the Ravenite Social Club and charged with ordering the 1986 assault of union official John O’Connor. There were bugs planted in the Ravenite Social Club and in an apartment above the club in which Gotti had frequent meetings where he spoke freely about Gambino family business. They used these tapes in trial when they heard what they thought to be Gotti telling someone to â€Å"Bust him up!† in reference to O’Connor. Although they had these tapes for a while, nobody warned John O’Connor about what might happen to him. Gotti’s defense attorney’s, Cutler and Shargel used this in trial stating that If the tapes weren’t clear enough to warn O’Connor, then they are not clear enough to convict Gotti. Along with the bad sound quality of the tapes and some Brucifying, Gotti was eventually acquitted on all counts due in part to the testimony of O’Connor himself. O’Connor testified that he was never told his life was in danger or that anyone was going to â€Å"bust him up†. The defense was attempting to prove that since the investigators had not warned O’Connor, they had no evidence that named him as the target of Gotti’s â€Å"bust him up† comment. O’Connor also testified that there were internal conflicts within the union at the time he was wounded and that he had many enemies. On December 11, 1990, FBI Agents arrested John Gotti, Sammy Gravano, and Frank Locasio. This was the fourth indictment for Gotti since he came to power after ordering the killings of Paul Castellano and his underboss Thomas Bilotti. However, this was the first time that Gotti would be indicted for the latter murders. He would also be indicted for the murders of Robert DiBernardo, Liborio Milito and Louis Dibono. Along with those murders, Gotti would also be charged with the conspiracy to murder Gaetano â€Å"Corky† Vastola, loansharking, illegal gambling, obstruction of justice, bribery and tax evasion. Gotti and his co-defendants were once again denied bail. Along with Gotti being denied bail, Bruce Cutler and Gerald Shargel, were disqualified from being able to represent any of the defendants in this trial due to some recordings that proved them to be working as â€Å"in house counsel† for the Gambino crime family. The tapes also created tensions between Gotti and Gravano. The tapes showed Gotti describing Gravano as too greedy and attempted to frame Sam my as the main force behind the murders of DiBernardo, Milito and Dibono. Gravano decided to turn state’s evidence in 1991 and testify against Gotti. The case was tried in the US District Court for the Eastern District of New York. The presiding judge was US District Judge Israel Leo Glasser. For the first time ever the jury was kept anonymous and totally sequestered in a Brooklyn Federal case. The prosecutors, Andrew Maloney and John Gleeson, opening statements were given on February 12, 1992. They played tapes from bugs planted in the Ravenite Social Club and the apartment above the club that had Gotti discussing Gambino family business, killings that he ordered, and showed the animosity he had towards Big Paul which also gave him a motive for the killing of the former head of the family. On March 2, 1992, Sammy â€Å"The Bull† Gravano began his testimony. Gravano told the court about Gotti’s ranking as the head of the family. He also told the court about Gotti’s role in the Castellano and Bilotti hit and gave them every detail of the hit. Gotti’s defense provided no real help. All of Albert Krieger’s, Gotti’s new defense attorney, witnesses’ testimonies were d ismissed except for one and that was the testimony of Gotti’s tax attorney. The prosecution rested its case on March 24 and John Gotti was convicted on all accounts on April 2. John Gotti was sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole on June 23, 1992. James Fox, the director of the New York City FBI, announced at a press conference, â€Å"The Teflon is gone. The don is covered with Velcro, and all the charges stuck.† Gotti was sent to serve his sentence at the US Penitentiary in Marion, Illinois. Gotti eventually died of throat cancer in June of 2002. John Gotti would not be able to have his funeral in the church due to the request of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn. After the funeral, hundreds of people followed the hearse which drove through Gotti’s old neighborhood and past the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club.

The City Of New Orleans - 2626 Words

The city of New Orleans lies below sea level in a bowl bordered by levees which prevent the high waters of the Mississippi River from flooding the city. These levees were put to the test on August 29, 2005 when Hurricane Katrina hit, causing severe destruction along the Gulf coast. Three concrete floodwalls protecting the city of New Orleans fractured and burst under the weight of surging waters from the hurricane, killing hundreds and resulting in an estimated $100 to $150 billion worth of damage (Luegenbiehl, 2007). In the aftermath of the storm, society placed part of the blame on design flaws that compromised the safety of the levees and endangered the public. Under the Flood Control Act of 1965, Congress had mandated the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to protect the city from a Category 3 storm, yet the floodwalls were unable to withstand the force of Hurricane Katrina, which was eventually classified as Category 3 (Grunwalk Warrick, 2005). 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